Centerless Grinding machines is a type of grinder that does not require the use of the axis positioning of the workpiece for grinding. It mainly consists of three mechanisms: grinding wheel, adjustment wheel, and workpiece support. The grinding wheel actually performs the grinding work, the adjustment wheel controls the rotation of the workpiece, and controls the feed speed of the workpiece. As for the workpiece support, it supports the workpiece during grinding. There are several ways to cooperate with these three components, except for stopping grinding, and the principle is the same.

The method of cutting workpieces using grinding wheels as cutting tools on a grinder. The characteristics of this method are:

    1. Due to the high hardness and heat resistance of the grinding wheel particles themselves, grinding can process materials with high hardness, such as quenched steel, hard alloys, etc.

    2. The characteristics of grinding wheels and grinders determine that the grinding process system can perform uniform micro cutting, generally ap=0.001~0.005mm; The grinding speed is very high, generally reaching v=30-50m/s; The grinder has good rigidity; By using hydraulic transmission, grinding can economically achieve high machining accuracy (it6~it5) and small surface roughness (ra=0.8~0.2 μ m). Grinding is one of the main methods for precision machining of parts.

    3. Due to intense friction, the temperature in the grinding area is very high. This can cause stress and deformation on the workpiece, and even burn the surface of the workpiece. Therefore, a large amount of coolant must be injected during grinding to reduce the grinding temperature. Coolant can also serve as a chip remover and lubricant.

     4. The radial force during grinding is significant. This will cause elastic yielding of the machine tool grinding wheel workpiece system, resulting in actual cutting depth being less than the nominal cutting depth. Therefore, when the grinding is about to be completed, it should be carried out without cutting to eliminate errors.

      5. After the abrasive grains become dull, the grinding force also increases, causing the abrasive grains to break or fall off, exposing the sharp edge again. This characteristic is called "self sharpening". Self sharpening enables normal grinding within a certain period of time, but after a certain working time, manual adjustment should be carried out to avoid increased grinding force causing vibration, noise, and damage to the surface quality of the workpiece.

     A grinding wheel is a cutting tool for grinding, which is a porous object composed of many small and hard abrasive particles and binders. Grinding particles directly bear the cutting work and must be sharp, with high hardness, heat resistance, and a certain degree of toughness. The commonly used abrasives are alumina (also known as corundum) and silicon carbide. Alumina abrasive has high hardness and good toughness, suitable for grinding steel materials. Silicon carbide abrasives have higher hardness, sharper edges, and better thermal conductivity, but are more brittle and suitable for grinding cast iron and hard alloys.

   The same abrasive grinding wheel, due to its different thickness, has different surface roughness and processing efficiency after workpiece processing. Coarse abrasive particles are used for rough grinding, while fine abrasive particles are suitable for fine grinding. The coarser the abrasive, the smaller the particle size.

   The binder acts as a bonding agent for abrasives. The commonly used is ceramic bonding agent, followed by resin bonding agent. Different choices of binders affect the corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance, and toughness of grinding wheels.

    The more firmly the abrasive particles are bonded, the less likely they are to fall off the grinding wheel, which is called the hardness of the grinding wheel. The hardness of the grinding wheel refers to the difficulty of the abrasive particles on the surface of the grinding wheel falling off under external force. Easy detachment is called soft, while the opposite is called hard. The hardness of a grinding wheel and the hardness of an abrasive are two different concepts. The surface of the workpiece being ground is relatively soft, and the cutting edges (corners) of the abrasive particles are not easily worn, so the abrasive particles can be used for a longer time. Grinding machines can choose grinding wheels with stronger adhesion (grinding wheels with higher hardness). On the contrary, grinding wheels with low hardness are suitable for grinding workpieces with high hardness.

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